Chapter 13

1. By 2030 what percentage of Americans will be over age 65?

1 in 10 1 in 5 1 in 3 1 in 4

2. What is the primary role of CNAs in healthcare?

Administering medications Providing direct patient care and reporting observations Making diagnoses Managing staff

3. What is the federal minimum training hours for CNA certification?

50 hours 75 hours 100 hours 150 hours

4. The CNA exam consists of:

Written test only Skills evaluation only Both written knowledge test and skills evaluation Training completion only

5. Which typically disqualifies someone from CNA certification?

Traffic violations Crimes against vulnerable persons Being under 21 No college degree

6. What is reciprocity in CNA certification?

Payment for training Ability to transfer certification between states Required work in two states Federal certification

7. Why must CNA programs be state-approved?

To charge higher fees To ensure standards and exam eligibility To limit CNAs To increase difficulty

8. If you have a criminal record you should:

Hide it on applications Give up on certification Be honest research policies document rehabilitation Only apply in states without background checks

9. Typical annual turnover rate for CNAs is:

25-35% 45-55% 65-75% 85-95%

10. CNA certification is considered a career foundation because it:

Is the highest nursing level Provides high immediate income Validates skills and opens pathways to advanced roles Requires most extensive training

11. What does ATT stand for?

Approved Training Transcript Authorization to Test Application for Testing Advanced Training Technique

12. How long is an ATT typically valid?

30 days 60 days 90 days 6 months

13. When should you schedule your exam after receiving ATT?

Last week before expiration As soon as possible After 6 months of study Timing doesn't matter

14. Typical cost for complete CNA certification exam:

$25-50 $50-75 $90-150 $200-300

15. Under ADA who gets testing accommodations?

Only straight-A students Anyone who requests Those with documented disabilities affecting testing Only physical disabilities

16. How many questions on the written exam?

40-50 60-70 80-90 100-120

17. Typical passing score for written exam:

50% 60% 70% 90%

18. How many skills demonstrated during skills evaluation?

3 skills 5 skills 10 skills All 22-23 skills

19. Which content area is largest on written exam?

Psychosocial Care (22%) Role of Nurse Aide (29%) Physical Care Skills (49%) All equal

20. If you pass written but fail skills:

Must retake both Only retake failed skills Automatically fail completely Cannot retake for one year

21. Most important principle for ADL assistance:

Complete tasks quickly Do everything for patient Help patients do as much as possible themselves Only help when asked

22. When washing patient's face during bed bath:

Soap is too expensive Use plain water first - facial skin is sensitive Water cleans better than soap It's faster

23. Why wash front to back during female perineal care?

More comfortable Prevents bacteria from contaminating urinary tract Uses less water Traditional practice

24. Normal adult pulse rate:

40-60 bpm 60-100 bpm 100-120 bpm 120-140 bpm

25. When measuring blood pressure arm should be:

Above heart level At heart level Below heart level Position doesn't matter

26. Normal adult temperature (oral):

96.6-97.6°F 97.6-99.6°F 99.6-101.6°F 95.0-97.0°F

27. Normal respiratory rate for adults:

8-12 breaths/min 12-20 breaths/min 20-30 breaths/min 30-40 breaths/min

28. When feeding a patient with dysphagia:

Give large bites Offer small bites and wait for complete swallowing Rush to finish quickly Only give liquids

29. Bedridden patient should be repositioned:

Every 2 hours Once daily Every 4 hours Only when requested

30. RACE acronym for fire safety:

Run Alert Call Exit Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish Remove Assess Communicate Evacuate React Activate Control Escape

31. If patient starts falling while walking:

Try to catch and hold them up Step back to avoid injury Guide to floor gently while protecting head Let go and call for help

32. CPR chest compression depth for adults:

At least 1 inch At least 2 inches At least 3 inches As deep as possible

33. FAST assessment is for:

Heart attack Choking Stroke Seizure

34. When dressing patient with one-sided weakness:

Weak side first when dressing Strong side first when dressing Order doesn't matter Never dress patients with weakness

35. Signs of dehydration include:

Increased urination Dry mouth and confusion Excessive sweating Frequent bowel movements

36. Most effective infection prevention method:

Wearing gloves always Hand hygiene Using antibiotics Isolating all patients

37. When should hand hygiene be performed?

Only when hands look dirty Before/after patient contact before clean procedures after body fluid exposure Once per shift Only after restroom

38. MRSA requires which precautions?

Standard only Contact precautions (gown and gloves) Droplet precautions Airborne precautions

39. 2025 updated PPE donning sequence:

Gloves Gown Mask Goggles Mask Goggles Gown Gloves Gown Mask Goggles Gloves Order doesn't matter

40. PPE doffing - what removes first?

Mask Gown Goggles Gloves

41. Why change gloves between tasks on same patient?

Gloves wear out Prevents cross-contamination from dirty to clean areas Facility policy To use supplies

42. For C. difficile you MUST:

Use alcohol hand sanitizer Use soap and water for handwashing Use gloves only Use airborne precautions

43. Transmission-based precautions are:

Instead of standard precautions Added to standard precautions Only for surgical patients Optional based on preference

44. Before transferring patient to wheelchair MOST critical:

Check patient wearing shoes Lock both wheelchair and bed wheels Call another CNA Take vital signs

45. Gait belt should be positioned:

Around chest Around waist above hips below ribs Around hips only Position doesn't matter

46. When should gait belt NOT be used?

Patient can walk independently Recent abdominal surgery G-tube colostomy Patient over 200 lbs During wheelchair transfers

47. Fall prevention includes:

Restraining all patients Answering call lights promptly regular toileting Keeping all patients in bed Sedating confused patients

48. Proper body mechanics include:

Twist at waist Bend knees keep load close wide base Bend at back Work quickly without planning

49. If fire discovered in patient room FIRST action:

Extinguish fire Evacuate patient from immediate area Call fire department Close doors

50. Choking patient who cannot cough or speak needs:

Encourage coughing Heimlich maneuver immediately Water to wash down Wait for help

51. Therapeutic communication means:

Using medical terminology Purposeful interaction promoting patient wellbeing Only talking when necessary Agreeing with everything

52. Patient doesn't speak English - what should you do?

Speak louder Use family as interpreters Request professional interpreter Use only gestures

53. Patient with dementia asks for deceased spouse. Best response:

They died years ago Tell me about your spouse You're confused again I'll call your family

54. Most appropriate documentation:

Patient was difficult Patient refused breakfast stating 'I'm not hungry' Patient had bad attitude Patient didn't cooperate

55. HIPAA protects:

Healthcare workers from lawsuits Patient health information privacy Hospital profits Insurance companies

56. If you suspect patient abuse:

Confront suspected abuser Report immediately to supervisor Wait for proof Discuss with other CNAs first

57. Documentation should be completed:

End of week As soon as possible after care Only for unusual events Whenever convenient

58. SBAR format - B stands for:

Beginning Background Baseline Basic

59. If you don't know answer to patient's question:

Make up answer Admit uncertainty and find correct information Change subject Tell patient to ask someone else

60. Changes in patient condition should be:

Documented only Reported immediately to nurse Ignored unless patient complains Reported at end of shift

61. Empathy vs. sympathy:

No difference Empathy is understanding feelings; sympathy is feeling sorry Sympathy is more professional Empathy means agreeing

62. Patient expresses wanting to die. You should:

Tell them not to talk like that Immediately report to nurse Change subject Keep confidential

63. Patients have right to:

Accept or refuse treatment Do whatever they want Demand staff be fired Ignore all facility rules

64. Restraints can be used:

When short-staffed Only with doctor's order as least restrictive option When patient is difficult At family's request

65. Advance directives are:

Complaint instructions Documents specifying treatment wishes if unable to decide Directions to facility Advanced procedures

66. Cultural competency requires:

Treating everyone identically Learning and respecting cultural differences Ignoring differences Assuming all from same culture are identical

67. When caring for LGBTQ+ patients:

Assume orientation Use preferred name and pronouns Treat differently Avoid discussing identity

68. CNA scope of practice includes:

Administering medications Assisting with ADLs Making diagnoses Developing treatment plans

69. Which task is within CNA scope?

Starting IV medications Performing sterile dressing changes Measuring vital signs and reporting changes Adjusting medication dosages

70. Patient refuses morning bath. CNA should:

Insist they must bathe Respect decision ask if prefer later time report refusal Skip documentation Force them to bathe for hygiene

71. Communicating with dementia patient:

Speak loudly Use simple short sentences Avoid interaction Argue when confused

72. Sundowning refers to:

Increased confusion in evening Sleeping during day Refusing to go outside Preferring dim lighting

73. Post-operative early mobility prevents:

Pain Blood clots and pneumonia Healing Nothing important

74. Palliative care primary goal:

Cure disease Comfort dignity and quality of life Extend life maximally Minimize family involvement

75. Signs death may be approaching include:

Increased appetite Decreased responsiveness and irregular breathing Improved mobility More social interaction

76. Documents required for testing:

Only driver's license ATT and government photo ID Training certificate Study materials

77. Arrive at testing center:

Exactly on time 5 minutes early 30 minutes early 1 hour early

78. Night before exam you should:

Stay up cramming Get 8 hours sleep prepare documents Go out with friends Take sleeping pills

79. On exam morning eat:

Nothing Protein-rich breakfast Only coffee Large heavy meal

80. Common exam day mistake to avoid:

Arriving early Reading questions carefully Changing answers without good reason Bringing required documents